Psychology, in particular, has a replication problem. Admittedly part of the reason is that no modern IRB would approve something like the Stanford experiment. But part of it, too, as you suggest, is down to rigged studies or other shoddy “science.”

It isn’t confined to social sciences. Dr John Mandrola routinely takes medicine to task for letting pharmaceutical companies run poorly-designed trials then cherry pick and spin the results for profit.

Jensen Ackels and Jared Padalecki

Cherry picking data has long been a problem. I recall a short piece from high school in the 80s called something like “How to Lie with Statistics.” It’s always stuck with me.