My guess is the oil
Exactly.
And probably many other resources, like traderoutes and territories. In the Northpole there is another " cold war" going on as the ice is melting. There are conflicting claims from USA,Canada, Europe, but also from China and Russia.
From the artic institute( USA):
"In 2009, global interest in the Arctic surged when the US Geological Survey estimated the Arctic held 13 percent of the world’s undiscovered oil and 30 percent of the world’s natural gas. That same year, the US hosted the Arctic Council Ministerial Meeting to reaffirm cooperation.(…)
“Climate change has rapidly transformed the Arctic, making previously inaccessible areas more available for economic and strategic use. The North Sea Route (NSR) and the Northwest Passage (NWP) could become economically viable by 2023”
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